The function body is precisely what the function wrappers detour to, after unpacking the incoming calldata. By the time a function body is executed, the function’s arguments should be sitting…

In the last article, we saw how the function selector acts as a hub or a switch of sorts in our BasicToken.sol contract. It sits at the entry point of a contract and redirects execution to the…

The Transaction Permission Layer protocol (TPL) is a method for assigning metadata (herein referred to as “attributes”) to Ethereum addresses. These attributes then form the basis for designing…

William Hinman’s recent statements at the Yahoo Finance All Markets Summit provide some guidance for token projects intending to sell tokens as non-securities in the United States.

In the previous article, we identified the need to separate a contract’s bytecode into creation-time and runtime code. Having made a deep dive into the creation part, it’s now time to begin...

ZeppelinOS is all about making the technology of upgradeability into an accessible and frictionless tool for developers. Ideally, we want to enable a developer to create upgradeable instances...

Let’s get started by attacking the disassembled gibberish of our contract with our divide-and-conquer lightsaber. As we saw in the introductory article, this disassembled code is very low-level...

You’re on the road, driving fast in your rare, fully restored 1969 Mustang Mach 1. The sunlight shimmers on the all-original, gorgeous plated rims. It’s just you, the road, the desert, and the…

Blockchains are immutable, and Ethereum is no exception. Ethereum has a rich smart contracts ecosystem that greatly lowers the barriers to creating new decentralized applications (DApps), governance…

The Dharma team asked us to review and audit the smart contracts implementing their protocol. We looked at the code and now publish our results.